The agent-based approach allows describing real-world entities and relations using the concepts of autonomous agents, passive objects, environment, and relations between them. The agent-based approach to modeling and simulation provides all fundamental notions and tools that allow creating simulation models of complex real-world phenomena in a very natural way. The second option is to use simulation as a technique supporting the functioning of multi-agent system. In such a case, we are dealing with agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS). First of all, we can create an agent-based model of phenomena of interest, and thus describe them using concepts of agents, environment, and relations. Ī connection between the agent-based approach and modeling and simulation can be twofold. These techniques are often used together with the agent-based approach-for example as computational techniques for multi-agent systems or as a set of techniques/algorithms integrated by the agent-based approach, which are used together to solve a given problem (so-called hybrid algorithms). Such techniques and algorithms include evolutionary algorithms, artificial neural networks, deep neural networks and deep learning, artificial immune systems, ant colony optimization algorithms or swarm algorithms. On the other hand, biologically and socially inspired artificial intelligence techniques are becoming more and more popular. Operators that represent the reactions of other system components to agents’ activities. The mechanism of creating pairs, when it occurs along with sexual selection, has a significant impact on the course of speciation and maintenance of population diversity. Results of conducted experiments show that sexual selection can start speciation processes and maintain the population diversity. Experiments were mainly focused on the mechanism of pair formation and its impact on speciation and population diversity. Simulation experiments carried out using the proposed agent-based model, and several fitness landscapes were aimed at verifying whether sexual selection and the mechanism of pair formation can trigger sympatric speciation and whether they can promote and maintain population diversity. The mechanism of creating pairs allows individuals to form stable, reproducing pairs. Sexual selection is a mechanism that occurs when the numbers of individuals of both sexes are almost identical, while reproduction costs for one of the sexes are much higher. In this paper, the agent-based simulation model of sexual selection and pair formation mechanisms is proposed.
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